Engine cylinder



July 10, 1928.

ENGINE CYLINDER Filed Dec. 50, 1920 J'Egi- Patented Jul-y 10, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GLENN D. ANGLE AND GEORGE E. A. HALLETT, OF DAYTON, OHIO.

ENGINE CYLINDER.

Application filed December This inventionrelates to the cylinders ofinternal combustion engines and relates particularly to a type of jointto be used for the purpose of holding a cast aluminum cylinder head to asteel cylinder barrel. The purpose of this oint is to lock the aluminumhead securely to the steel barrel in su'h a manner as to preventexpansion both laterally and longitudinally when the alumi-' nurn, whichhas a higher co-eflicient of expansion than the steel, becomes heated.

lVith the above and other objects in view the invention consists in thenovel construction, combination and arrangement herein fully describedas well as the method of forming the joint between the cylinder barreland cylinder head, the same being fully set forth in the specification,illustrated in the drawings, and claimed.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic section through a cylinder and cylinder headillustrating the present invention;

7 Figure 2 is a plan view of the head showing some of the formationthereof in dotted lines; a

Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section through thecylinder; and

Figure 4 is a detail plan view of a fragment of the cylinder barrel.

Referring tothe drawings, 10 designates the barrel of the cylinder whichis ordinarily formed of steel of any suitable wall thick mass. .Incarrying out the present invention, and in order to enable an aluminumcylinder head to be cast thereon and around the same, that end of thebarrel which lies contiguous to the cylinder head is formed with one ormore peripheral ribs 11 of dove-tail shape in cross section, and isfurther formed with one or more annular recesses 12 also of dovetailshape in cross section. In addition to the parts 11 and-12, ust referredto, the cylinder wall is formed with a circumferential flange 13 whichlies at the base of the completed cylinder head and is also formed witha peripheral proje ting flange 14 which is shaped like a hook incrosssection, a part of said hook-shaped flange forming two of the wallsof the dove-tailed groove or channel 12,'above referred to, Furthermorethe cylinder walls are formed between the flanges 30, 1920. Serial No.434,136.

13 and 14 with additional grooves 15 and 16, each of which is ofdove-tailed formation in cross section.

When the aluminum cylinder head, indi cated at 17, is cast around theadjacent end of the cylinder barrel, the molten metal flows into andfillsthe several grooves described in connection with the adjacent endof the cylinder wall or barreLlO, thereby forming an interlockedconnection and thermal bond tbetween the cylinder barrel and thecylinder head. The arrangement of the dove-tailed grooves and ribs issuch as to prevent undue expansion and contraction, eitherlongitudinally or transversely of the barrel and cylinder head so thatthe more the cast aluminum cylinder head expands the tighter will the.inclined surfaces or walls of said grooves and ribs bind against eachother.

It is claimed that the joint herein fully described and shown willremain intact while under the influence of extreme heat and suflicientlylocked to withstand the forces of explosion within the combustionchamber of an internal combustion engine. In view of the fact that thegrooves are wider at the bottom than at the topany expansion in adirection away from the cylinyder barrel draws the aluminum against thetapered or inclined surfaces and insures a tight joint. To overcome thedifiiculty of completely filling the grooves in the barrel with thealuminum, slots or recesses 18 are' formed in the end of the barrel soas to intersect the annular grooves, thereby permitting a free flow ofthe molten aluminum to the grooves so as to completely fill the latter.The joint referred to has been found particularly effective in theconnection noted where the greater expansion of the aluminum tends topermit the metal to pull away from the steel under conditions of extremeheat, thus destroying the thermal bond. When such pulling away occurs afilm of oil is apt to creep in between the aluminum and steel destroyingthe thermal bond and militating against the flow or carrying off of theheat of the cylinder wall. What we claim as new is:

1. The method of fastening a cylinder head to a cylinder barrel, thesame consisting in forming the barrel with a plurality of annulargrooves the opposite walls of which are undercut and reversely inclinedfrom the bottom to the top formin a groove in the end of said cylinderbarre, the opposite Walls of which are undercut and reversely inclinedfrom the bottom to the top providing at intervals recesses intersectingsaid grooves, then casting the cylinder head around the adjacent end ofthe barrel so that portions of the material of the cylinder head willrun along and fill said grooves.

2. In combination, a cylinder barrel, an annular dove-tailed grooveextending around said barrel, the upper horizontal surface of saidbarrel provided with an annular dove-tailed groove, and an aluminumcylinder head cast around said barrel having portions thereof fittingsaid grooves.

In testimony whereof we have affixed our signatures;

GLENN D. ANGLE. GEO. E. A. HALLETT.

